Extended exposure to contaminants from coal mining has led to significant respiratory and skin ailments among 
workers and residents in six districts of India, where coal mining is a predominant activity.
Overview of the Study:
- Conducted by the National Foundation for India, an organization dedicated to social justice issues.
- Survey included 1,200 households to assess the effects of prolonged exposure to coal mining contaminants on workers.
- The survey covered Koriya and Raigarh (Chhattisgarh), Dhanbad and Ramgarh (Jharkhand), Angul and Jajpur (Odisha), spanning 18-20 villages per district.
Key Findings:
Impact on Marginalized Communities:
- 81.5% of those surveyed were from marginalized SC, ST, and OBC communities; the rest were from the general category.
- SC and ST groups had lower income and educational levels compared to OBC groups and were more represented in
low-paying, irregular jobs related to coal activities. - The disparity indicates challenges marginalized groups will face as coal use declines, leading to job losses and
economic downturns in coal-reliant regions.
Health Impact:
- Residents near mines were more vulnerable to health issues.
- Dhanbad and Ramgarh reported higher incidences of lung and skin diseases.
- 65% of participants reported chronic bronchitis, asthma, and skin ailments like eczema, dermatitis, and fungal
infections. - Monthly medical expenses ranged from ₹300 to ₹1,000 per household, with Dhanbad having the highest annual
hospitalization costs at ₹28,461 per household.
Shift from Coal:
- The study aimed to explore a ‘just transition’ for individuals dependent on coal mining as the world moves away from
coal, anticipating job losses and economic declines in coal-dependent areas. - This transition will impact not only coal workers but also the broader local economy.
India’s Coal Dependency for Energy Supply:
Current Energy Mix:
- Despite a significant increase in renewable energy capacity, coal still generates around 70% of India’s electricity.
- By 2050, coal is projected to provide at least 21% of India’s electricity needs.
Domestic Availability:
- Coal is abundantly available in India, helping meet energy needs without relying on imports.
- Alternatives like nuclear energy face challenges due to high costs and safety concerns.
Developmental Needs:
- India’s energy demand is expected to grow significantly, with the International Energy Agency predicting the largest
growth between 2020 and 2040. - Meeting this demand will require a mix of conventional and renewable energy sources.