The Finance Minister recently announced a ₹20,000 crore ‘Nuclear Energy
Mission’ to develop indigenous Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), marking a
significant step towards advancing India’s nuclear energy capabilities.
About Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
SMRs are compact nuclear reactors with a maximum output of 300 Megawatt
electric (MWe), capable of producing 7.2 million kWh per day.
In comparison, large nuclear power plants generate over 1,000 MWe and
produce 24 million kWh per day.
- SMRs are designed to produce low-carbon electricity and are characterized by their:
- Small Size: Physically much smaller than conventional nuclear reactors.
- Modular Design: Components can be factory-assembled and transported as
units for on-site installation. - Reactor Functionality: Utilize nuclear fission to generate heat and produce
energy.
Advantages of SMRs
Compact Footprint:
- SMRs occupy relatively small physical spaces, making them suitable for locations where large reactors cannot be installed.
Lower Capital Investment:
- They require less upfront capital compared to traditional nuclear plants.
Factory-Built Design:
- Unlike conventional reactors, SMRs can be manufactured in factories and transported to the installation site.
Remote Location Suitability:
- SMRs can be deployed in remote or isolated areas, expanding access to clean energy.
Incremental Power Additions:
- They allow for gradual increases in power capacity as needed.
Reduced Refueling Frequency:
- SMRs typically require refueling every 3 to 7 years, compared to 1 to 2 years for conventional reactors.
- Some SMRs can operate for up to 30 years without refueling.
Significance of the Nuclear Energy Mission
- The ₹20,000 crore mission aims to:
- Develop indigenous SMR technology to reduce reliance on imports.
- Enhance India’s energy security and sustainability.
- Support the transition to low-carbon energy systems.
- SMRs are expected to play a crucial role in meeting India’s growing energy demands while addressing climate change concerns.
Conclusion
The development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) represents a transformative step in India’s nuclear energy strategy. By
leveraging their compact design, cost-effectiveness, and versatility, SMRs can significantly contribute to India’s clean energy
goals and strengthen its position in the global energy landscape.