India and Mauritius share a longstanding bond shaped by historical, cultural,
and strategic connections. Mauritius, one of India’s closest allies, maintains
deep-rooted ties with New Delhi. A significant portion of its
population—approximately 70% of the 1.3 million residents—trace their
ancestry to India.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Mauritius in 2025, marking a decade
since his previous visit in 2015, reaffirms India’s commitment to strengthening
bilateral relations with the island nation.
Mauritius: Historical and Geopolitical Relevance
Mauritius has a colonial past shaped by various European powers, including the
Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British. The country gained independence from
Britain in 1968, though territorial disputes, particularly concerning the Chagos
Archipelago, remained unresolved.
A recent agreement between the United Kingdom and Mauritius regarding the
Chagos Islands carries significant legal, geopolitical, and humanitarian.
India’s Strategic Interests in the Western Indian Ocean
India’s increasing engagement in the region aligns with its Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR)
initiative, which emphasizes the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean.
As global players such as China, Russia, Europe, and Gulf nations expand their presence in the area, India has
recognized the need for a proactive approach to safeguard its interests.
Chagos Archipelago Dispute: Developments and Resolutions
Prior to Mauritius’ independence, Britain separated the Chagos Archipelago, forming the British Indian Ocean
Territory. The island of Diego Garcia was later leased to the United States for military purposes.
Mauritius has persistently campaigned for sovereignty over Chagos, gaining support from a 2019 International
Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion. The recent UK-Mauritius agreement acknowledges Mauritian sovereignty
over the archipelago while extending the US lease for 99 years, ensuring that India’s security concerns in the
region are addressed.
Mauritius’ Role in Global Geopolitics
Nicknamed the “Star and Key of the Indian Ocean,” Mauritius has historically served as a critical hub for maritime
trade and international diplomacy. While its influence waned with the opening of the Suez Canal and during the
Cold War, interest in the region has resurged due to China’s growing strategic investments.
China has expanded its footprint in Mauritius through economic and infrastructural initiatives, making India’s
diplomatic engagement even more crucial.
Maritime and Security Collaboration Between India and Mauritius
India is actively developing logistical infrastructure on Agaléga Island to bolster maritime security. Mauritius’
strategic location makes it an essential partner in India’s efforts to counterbalance China’s growing influence in
the Indian Ocean.
New Delhi has reinforced its position as a dependable strategic ally of Mauritius, ensuring that its engagement
extends beyond historical and cultural ties.
Geopolitical Shifts in the Western Indian Ocean
- Nations such as China, Russia, Iran, Turkey, and Gulf states have increased their presence in the region.
- European powers are attempting to re-establish influence in the Indian Ocean.
- Mauritius continues to navigate these geopolitical dynamics while maintaining its strategic autonomy.
Conclusion
Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Mauritius underscores India’s commitment to strengthening this crucial
partnership. Indo-Mauritian relations transcend historical and ethnic connections, playing a significant role in
regional stability and security.